Severing mechanism for photographic copying machines



Feb. 20, 1940. LANDQQCK ET AL 2,191,213

SEVERING MECHANISM FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC COPYING MACHINES Original Fild April 29, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTORS firm Ill. @5

BY Z a; fl

w? ATTORNEYS Feb. 20, 1940. LANDROCK AL 2,191,213 SEVERING MECHANISM FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC COPYING MACHINES Original Filed April 29, 1939 5 Shets-Sheet 2 274w ATT RNEYS Feb. 20, 1940. P, LANDROCK AL 2,191,213

SEVERING MECHANISM FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC COPYING MACHINES Original Filed April 29, 1959 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENIOR JauLZ Q 1 lz yifig h 4 WA RNEYS Feb. 20, P L DR ET AL 2,191,213

SEVERING MECHANISM FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC COPYING MACHINES Original Filed April 29, 1959 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 "bk-PA TTORNEYS Patented Feb. 20, 1940 PATENT OFFICE ssvEmNo MECHANISM-Fort PHOT0- GRAPHIC COPYING MACHINES Eaul Landrock and Aithurw. Caps,- Rochester,

Providence, It. 1., Island assignors to a corporation of Rhode Photostat Corporation,

Original application April 29, 1939, Serial No.

Divided and this application October 7, 1939, Serial No. 298,437

10 Claims.

The present invention relates to photographic copying cameras or machines and more especially to machines 01 that type in which photographic exposures are made upon successive portions of a long strip of film supplied from a roll or the like, and in which each. portion after being exposed is. fed to a position out of the focal plane and then preferably cut off from the remaining unexposed film, so that it may be developed, fixed, or otherwise treated without waiting for the entire supply of film to be exposed. Machines of this general are well known, various forms of such machines having been extensively marketed by the assignee of this present I application under the trade-mark Photostat.

An object of the present invention is the provision of a generally improved and more eificient and satisfactory mechanism for severing the film.

Another object is the provision of severing mechanism normally driven through a severing movement by power means such as an electric motor, but so designed and constructed that if the severing mechanism should meet unusual resistanceor otherwise become jammed, the motor and associated parts may complete their normal operating cycle without damage to the parts.

A further object is the provision of motor driven severing mechanism with an improved knife drive so that the knife may be driven U through the required range of travel by means of a fraction of one revolution of a comparative- 1y small rotary driving member.

To these and other ends the invention resides in certain improvements and combinations of parts, all as will be hereinafter more fully described, the novel features being pointed out in the claims at the end of the specification.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a portion of a photocopying machine including feeding and severing mechanism constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is side elevation of a fragment of the machine on a larger scale, illustrating the feeding and severing mechanism, with the cover plate removed to show parts within, the mechanism being shown in its normal position of rest;

Fig. 3. is a view similar to 2 with theparts in a different position at an intermediate point in. the cycle of operation;

a is a fragmentary view similar to the upper portion of Fig. 2 showing the parts in the same position as in Fig. 2, but with certain overlying parts removed to expose the parts beneath;

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section taken substantially on the line 5--5' of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a section taken substantially on the line 6--6 of Fig. '7, and I.

Fig, 7 is a diagrammatic section taken approxi mately on the line l'l ofFig. 2.

The same'reference numerals throughout the several Views indicate the same parts.

The severing mechanism of the present invention isclosely associated with feeding mechanism photographic copying machine of a type familiar in the art, which includes a framework 3i on which'is mounted a camera front frame 33, a back frame 35, bellows 3? connecting these two frames to each other, and a magazine section 39 hinged to the section 35, the back frame 35 and magazine 39- together constituting the main part of the camera body. In the magazine sec tion may be placed the usual roll box carrying a roll 45 of unexposed sensitized photographic film, which film is preferably but not necessar ily a strip of paper coated with the usual photographic emulsion. From the roll 45 the strip of film extends over a guide roller 47 and thence downwardly as indicated at 49 over the usual focal plane support, being held flat in the focal planein position to receive light rays entering the camera through a lens and prism assembly indicated in general at 55, and mounted on the frontframe 33 of the camera.

The documents or other copy to be photographed may be laid on a suitable copy holder, such as the board 57 mounted on a bracket 59 supported from the machine frame 31, and i1- lumina-ted by a pair of lights 81, conveniently in the form of mercury tube lights, supported from swinging brackets 63 also mounted on the frame 3|. Any suitable type of shutter is mounted within the shutter casing 67 secured to the front frame 33. When this shutter is open, light rays reflected from the document or copy on the board 5'], illuminated by the lights Bl, pass upwardly to the prism forming part of the lens and prism assembly 55 and then pass rearwardly through the lens and prism assembly, through the open shutter, through the bellows 31', and,

fall against the sensitized film 49 lying in the focal plane of the camera. Suitable adjustments of the relative positions of the copy holder 51, lens and prism assembly 55, and focal plane support, are possible forpurposes of accurate focusing.

After anexposure has been made, the exposed portion of the film strip 49 is fed downwardly by rotating feed rollers l! and '23 until the topedge operationof a severing knife 15, whereupon the severed exposed portion may be treated in any suitable way to develop and fix it to make a photographic print. In. the form of. machine here shown as an illustrative examplejthe severed portion drops downwardly within a treat- 1 ing cabinet or casing 35, where it is subjected to various treating baths, such as developing,

washing, and fixing baths.

The parts thus fardescribed are of conventional known construction, the details of which ,are unimportant so far as the present invention is concerned, and may be varied as desired.

Greene Patent 1,822,345, granted September 8, 1931, and Caps and Greene Patent 1,824,259, granted September 22, 1931, disclose various features of machines of this general type in somewhat greater detail than the foregoing brief general description which is sufficient for present purposes. fl

1 The feeding and severing mechanism, part of which constitutes the subject matter of the present invention, will now be described. As best seen in Figs. 1 and 2, a casing 215 and an electric motor 2'1 9 are mounted on the right hand side of the magazine section. 39 of the camera. Referring now to Fig. 2, the armatureshaft 28! "of the motor enters the casing 215 and carries a worm 283 meshing with and constantly driving a worm,

wheel 285 (see also Fig. 7) rotatably mounted on ashaft 28 i journaled at its inner end on a ball bearing 235 on. the inner wall 29! of thecasing 215 and near its outer end on a bearing on a partition 293 formingpart of a subeasing 295 which tightly encloses the worm and worm gear within the main casing 2'15, so that this sub-casing may be partiallyfilled with oil in order that the worm may run constantly in oil. There is a hub 29! fixed to-the shaft 23?, and a set, of spring pressed rollers 299 placed in tapering grooves formed between the hub 29'! and the gear 285, constitute a one-way clutch of a familiar kind, so that when the gear 235 is driven by rotation of the-motor shaft 29!, it will drive the shaft .28! in the direction shown by the arrow just above the worm 233 in Fig. 2. But when the motor is stationary, the shaft 287 may be turned in the same direction by other means, because of the clutch arrangement.

Fixed to and rotating with the shaft 28'! is a gear 30! (Fig. 7) meshing with a gear 303 (Figs. 5 and?) fixed to a clutch element 305 pinned on a shaft 301 which is slidable longitudinally through a ball bearing 309 near its outer end,

mounted on a fixed partition in the casing 285,

' and through a ball bearing 3! I near its inner end,

this second ball bearing being mounted in a hollow clutch element 313 formed integrally with or fixed to a hollow sleeve 3 l5 rotatable in but held 1 against axial movement in a bearing in the fixed wall 29! of the casing 215. The inner end of this sleeve 3E5 receives a reduced end 3! 9 (Fig. 7) of the shaft which carries the feeding roller 1!,

and an axial slot 32! in the sleeve 3|5 receives a cross pin 323 on the roller shaft to constitute a driving connection between the sleeve 3! 5and the roller H, which can, however, be instantly disconnected by endwise movement of the sleeve 3 l 5 away from. the feeding roller shaft, whenever. it

face of the clutch element 305 mesh with correspending clutch teeth on the face of the clutch member 3i 3, as shown in Fig, 5, to establisha driving connection between these parts. Then, the gear 303 being turned by the gear 30!, the clutch member 3l3 will be driven, andwithit the sleeve 315 and the feeding roller H, The extent of turning of the roller 1! and, consequently, the length of the strip of film which is fed thereby, will depend, for any given speed of rotation, upon the length of time that the clutch elements 305 and 3I3 remain in mesh with each other, which in turn depends upon the length of time that suflicient axial pressure on the shaft 301 is maintained. The :means for producing such axial pressure is variable or adjustable, in

order that the mechanism maybe set for winding different lengths of film at each operation, as will now be described.

Referring now to Figs. 2 and 7, the shaft 28'! carries also a gear 33! fixed thereto and rotating therewith, which fmeshes with a gear 333 fixed to a shaft 335 journaled in ball bearings cover plate of the casing 215 can be removedand a hand crank can be placed on the exposed end of the shaft 335 to make driving engagement with the cross pin 34!, and the feeding and severing mechanism can be operated by means of the hand crank, rotation of theparts being per mitted by the one-way or overrunning clutch 299 previously mentioned.

The shaft 335 also has fixed to it a pinion 343 meshing with a gear 345 freely rotatable on ball bearings 34! on'a shaft 349 which itself is rotatable on ball bearings 35! in the wall 29|-.

and 353 in a fixed partition in the casing 215. The gear 345 has fixed to it a ratchet 355 (Figs. 4 and '7) for cooperation with the end 35'! of a pawl 359 pivoted at 36! to a disk 303 fixed to the shaft 349,. A leaf spring 365 also fixed to the disk 363 presses against the opposite end 36'! of the pawl 359, ina direction tending to throw the nose of the pawl into engagement with is a notch 31! .(Fig. 3) arranged alongside of the. tail 361 of; the pawl 359. A bell crank lever pivoted in the casing 215 at 315 has one laterally extending arm 311 and another upwardly extending arm 319., constantly pulled in a leftward or counterclockwise direction, when viewed as in Figs. 2, 3, and i, by a coiled tension spring 38| one end of which is secured to the arm 319 and the other end to a fixed part of the casing 215. This arm 3.1.9, also carries a small roller 383 which rides. on the periphery of the disk 363. When the disk rotates to a certain point, the roller 383 drops into the notch 31! and the face of the roller is sufficiently wide so that it contacts also with the tail 36?, of the pawl and presses this ail, radially inwardly toward the shaft 359, against the action of the spring 365, throwing the nose 351 of the pawl out of engagement with the ratchet teeth 355 to break the driving connection between the ratchet and the disk 363. The spring 3.31 is stronger than the spring 365 in order to accomplish this disengagement of the pawl against the action of the latter spring.

When the parts are at rest, they are in the position shown in Fig. 4, with the roller 383 seated in the notch in the disk 363. A clockwise move-- ment of the bell crank lever 311, 319 against the tension of the spring 38l will lift the roller 3:83 out of the notch in the disk 363 and at the same time release the tail 331 of the pawl so that the spring 365 will throw the nose 351 into engagement with the ratchet teeth 3555. Assuming, that the motor 219 is running, the ratchet 355 will at this time be turning in a counterclockwise direction as shown by the arrow in Fig. i, and when the pawl 359 comes into contact with the ratchet teeth, the disk 353 on which the pawl is mounted will likewise begin to turn in a counterclockwise direction.

As soon as it has turned a small fraction of a revolution, so that the notch 31! is beyond the roller 383, the displacing force on the bell I crank lever 3.11, 319 can be removed and the spring 38! will carry the roller 383 into contact with the periphery of the disk, and the roller will ride around the smooth circular part of the periphery until exactly one revolution is completed, whereupon the notch 31! and the tail 361 of the pawl both again come around to the roller 383. The roller then drops into the notch, at the same time pressing inwardly on the tail of the pawl and releasing the pawl from the ratchet 355, so that the driving connection between the di, -1 and the ratchet is broken, the disk comes to rest (the roller 383 cooperating with the notch 31! to act as a spring detent to hold the disk always in the same definite positionwhen at rest) and the ratchet 355 may con- 7 tinue to turn without causing any further turning of the disk 353 until the bell crank lever is once more displaced to move the roller 393 out of its notch, whereupon the parts are once more rotated through a single complete revolution.

It will be remembered that the ratchet 355 and gear 345 are rotatably mounted on the shaft 349 and consequently the shaft does not necessarily turn with them, but does turn with the disk 363 which is pinned to the shaft. Hence the shaft 339 will, at each cycle of operation,

. rotate through exactly one revolution, and will then come to rest always in the same position, at the completion of one revolution.

The shaft 34.9 is provided with an adjustable cam for determining that part of the cycle of operation during which the clutch elements 395v and 313 are engaged with each other to cause driving of the feeding roller 1|. The cam, in its preferred form, comprises one cam segment 39.! (Figs. 3, 4, and '1) pinned to the shaft 349, a second cam segment 393 having a hub rota able on the shaft 349, and a third cam segment 395 between the other two. Each of these cam segments has an effective periphery or portion of larger radius which extends through only a minor part. of a complete circle, and an ineffective periphery or portion of smaller radius which extends. through the rest of the circumference, with a short angular or oblique edge between the two.

, By turning the cams 393 and 395 so that their effective peripheries overlie and coincide with that of the cam 39!, the composite cam will be of minimum length. The length of the effective cam surface can be adjusted to any desired extent from this minimum length up to the maximum where the effective surface of one cam begins just at the point where the other steps, the cam 395 continuing on from the end of the cam 39!, and the cam 393 continuing on from the end of the cam 395. This adjustment may be effected by means of an adjusting knob 399 (Figs. 2 and '7) connected to the hub of the cam 393, so that by turning this knob 399 the cam 333 is turned in one direction or the other on the shaft 349, which is stationary at this time. The cam 395 floats between the cams 391 and 393 and is provided with a lateral lug 49! (Fig. 3) engaging in an arcuate notch 493 in the cam 393, and a similar lateral lug engaging in a similar arcuate notch 405 of the cam 39!, this arrangement of lugs and notches serving to limit the rotation of one cam element relatively to another. and preventing the cams from being spread too far. When they are adjusted to the desired position by turning the knob 399, they may beclamped in this position by a clamping nut 491 threaded on the end of the shaft 349, which, when tightened, will bear against the adjusting knob 399 and hold this knob against rotation relatively to the shaft 349, so that the clamping nut 491, knob 399, and the composite cam elements 39I, 393, 395 will all turn together as a unit with. the shaft 3 59 when the latter turns.

Cooperating with the composite cam and riding on the periphery thereof is a roller 4! I (Figs. 3, 4, and '1) mounted on the upper end 4l3 of a lever pivoted at 4I5 (Figs. 2 and 3) on a fixed part of the casing 215. The lower end 411 of this lever (Figs. 3 and 5) lies just forwardly of and engages an inwardly extending arm 419 of a bell crank lever pivoted at 421 on the casing 215. Another arm 423 of this bell crank lever extends forwardly and is provided with an adjusting screw 425 which may press against the outer end of the. shaft 301 which carries the clutch element 305, as best shown in Fig. 5. A compression spring 421 tends to turn the bell crank lever 419, 423 in a clockwise direction when viewed from above as. in Fig. 5, holding the arm 4i 9 thereof against the arm 411 of the vertical lever in such a way as to hold the roller 4H against the periphery of the composite cam.

As above mentioned, the shaft 349 and the composite cam elements mounted thereon come to rest, at the end of a cycle, always in a predetermined position (shown in 4) in which the roller 383 lies in the notch 31!. In this position, the forward or leading edge of the first cam element 39l. lies a short distance away posite cam is adjusted to such length that the from the roller 4| I, ready to displace this roller soon after rotation of the shaft 349 commences. When this roller 4H rides up the inclined leading edge of the cam and is displaced to a position farther away from the shaft 349 (such a position being shown in Fig. 3) this swings the lever 413, M1 about its pivot 415, which in turn swings the bell crank 419, 423 about its pivot 42!, causing the screw 425 to press inwardly on the shaft 361 to engage the driving clutch element 365 with the driven clutch element 3l3 and establish a driving relationship between these elements so that the feeding roller 1| is rotated. The extent to which the feeding roller is rotated depends upon the setting of the composite cam for as soon as the roller 4H dropsolf of the trailing edge of the last cam element 393, the spring 421 is permitted to return the vertical lever 413', 411 and the bell crank lever 419, 423 to their initial positions of rest, and the spring 325 opens the clutch 365, 3l3 to break the driving connection so that rotation of the feeding roller ll ceases, even though the clutch element 365 may continue to turn.

By adjusting the composite cam to make it longer or shorter, the extent of turning of the feeding roller 1| for eachcycle of operation is altered as desired. To assist in adjusting it for any desired extent of feeding, there may be provided a dial plate 43! (Figs. 2 and 7) mounted stationarily on a fixed partition in the casing 215, which dial plate is provided with graduations 433 (Fig. 2) of any appropriate kind, preferably reading directly in terms of inches or fractions of an inch, and cooperating with an index mark 435 on the adjusting knob 399. When the adjusting knob is turned (the shaft 349 being stationary in its normal position of rest) to such position that the index mark 435 is opposite the graduation marked 24, this means that the comroller H will be rotated sufiiciently to feed 24 inches of the length of the film at each cycle of operation. Similarly, if the index mark 435 be placed opposite one of the other graduations, this will make the composite cam of the proper length to cause rotation of the roller H to an extent just sufficient to feed the length of film indicated by the particular graduation 433 which is opposite the index 435. With the arrangement here shown as an illustrative example, the feeding can be set for any desired length between a maximum of 24 inches and a minimum of 14 inches.

The severing mechanism for cutting the film at the completion of the feeding operation is controlled from this same mechanism within the casing 215 which has been described in connection with the feeding of the film. The above mentioned disk 363 which is fast to the shaft 349 carries two rollers 43? and 439 (Figs. 3, 4, and 7) mounted on studs projecting from that face of the disk which is remote from the ratchet These rollers cooperate with a forked arm 445 fixed to a shaft 443 journaled in ball bearings 445 and 441 mounted on fixed parts of the casing 2215. A spring 449 coiled around the shaft 443'and having one end pressing against a fixed abutment and the other end against'an abutment on the arm 44!, tends constantly to turn the shaft 443 in a counterclockwise direction when viewed as in Figs. 2 and 3, and to hold it against a resilient stop provided by a leaf spring 450 which cushions the return movement of this lever after it has been moved away from its normal position, but which is stronger than the spring 449 in order to provide a definite normal or rest position for the arm 44!.

This rest position is such that, at the latter part of the operating cycle represented by one complete revolution of the shaft 349, and after the completion of the feeding movement of the roller H, the roller 431 will come into contact with the arm I, being received in the notch at the upper end thereof, and will press rightwardly against the right hand branch of this arm to turn this arm in a clockwise direction about its shaft 443, against the tension of the spring 449. Just as the roller 431 is about to move past the end of the arm 44!, the second roller 439 will come around into contact with the arm, this time against the left hand branch of the arm (when viewed as in Fig. 3), and will turn the arm 44! still further in a clockwise direction. The maximum turned position of the arm is indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 3, where the roller 439 is also shown in dotted lines at 439a, in the position it assumes just before it passes beyond the end of the arm MI and permits the arm to return to its initial position-under the influence of the spring 449.

This clockwise swinging of the arm 441 and corresponding turning of its shaft 443 operates the severing knife 15 (Figs. 1 and 7) to cut off the film which has been fed downwardly by the roller H, at a point just beneath this roller. The shaft 443 has fixed to it a gear segment 45I (Figs. 2, 3, and 7) Which meshes with a gear 453 formed on a sleeve 455 rotatable on a shaft 451 rotatable in ball bearings 459 and 46l mounted in fixed parts of the casing 215. -At its outer endthe sleeve 455 has a lug 463 (Figs. 6 and 7) occupying but a small part (preferablyabout a quarter or less) of a full circle and cooperating with a similar lug 465 on a collar 461 pinned to the shaft 451. A coiled spring. 469 surounds the sleeve 455 and has one end fixed thereto and the other end fixed to the collar 461, the force of the spring being such as to tend to turn the sleeve 455 in a clockwise direction when viewed from its outer end as in Figs. 3 and 6, and to tend to turn the collar 461 in a counterclockwise direction when viewed in the same way, thus holding the lugs 463 and 465 tight against each other as indicated in Fig. 6.

When the shaft 443 is swung in a clockwise direction (viewed from the outer end as in Fig. 3) by the action of the rollers 431 and 439, the gear segment 45I turns the gear 453-in a counterclockwise direction (as shown by the associated arrow in Fig. 6) and this tends to turn the collar 461 and the shaft 451 correspondingly in a counterclockwise direction, because the spring 469 tends to hold the lug 465 on the collar 461 tight against the lug 463 as the latter turns with the gear 453. sistance to turning the shaft 451, then the gear 453 can continue to turn to the end of its range of travel without the collar 451 and shaft 451 necessarily turning with it, for in the event'of such unusual resistance, the collar 4'31 and its lug 465 can remain stationary and the lug 463 can pull away from it and turn around approximately half a revolution in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 6) relatively to the lug 465, simply winding up the spring 469 somewhat tighter and causing no damage to any parts.

The shaft 451 is connected in any suitable way to the film severing knife 15 previously mentioned. For example, the inner end of the But if there is any unusual re-.

shaft 451 may have a sleeve"! (Fig. '7) fixed thereto, which sleeve has a slotted end similar to the sleeve 315, to cooperate in the same way with the cross pin 413 on the outer end of the knife operating shaft 415, which shaft is connected' to the knife to reciprocate it byany suitable means, such as a pair of gear segments 411 fixed to the shaft 415 near opposite ends thereof at opposite sides of the-machine (only one end being shown in Fig. '1) and meshing with racks 419 on a reciprocating carriage which carries the knife blade 15.

The spring 469 is of sufficient strength to hold the lugs463 and 465 in contact with each other and causeoperation of the knife blade 15 through its full range of travel under all normal conditions. If, however, the film should become jammed in the knife or for any other reason there should be an unusual resistance to the operation of the knife, then the, spring 469 would give, as above mentioned, 'so that the knife could stop without completing its full travel and yet the various operating parts above described would not be broken.

The feeding roller shaft 3L9 and the knife operating shaft 415 are shafts which exist, at a standard distance from each other, in many commercial copying cameras now in use. According to'the present invention, the casing 215 and all parts included therein are made of such size and proportions that the shaft-receiving sleeves 3l5 and 4H are at this same standard distance from each other. It is an easy matter to remove the existing means for operating the feeding roller shaft M9 and knife shaft 415 from any machine already in use, and to place the casing 215 containing the improved operating mechanism against the side of the machine in proper position so that the sleeves 3l5 and 41! receive the existing shafts 319 and 415. Hence it is comparatively easy to convert many of the existing photographic copying cameras into the improved form of the present invention, without requiring extensive alterations or rebuilding.

' Operation of the feeding and. severing mechanism is initiated by downward movement of the bell crank arm 311, either by direct hand pressure or through the instrum ntality of any suitable operating mechanism. Such downward movement of the arm 311 will withdraw the roller 383 from the notch 31! and will engage the pawl 359 with the ratchet 355. The motor 219 may be left running continuously, or, if preferred, may be at rest between successive operations of the feeding and severing mechanisms, and may be started only at the beginning of each feeding and severing operation. In the latter event, the electric current to the motor is preferably controlled by a switch of the plunger type, having a plunger (Figs. 2 and 3). A spring 553 tends to press the plunger rightwardly when viewed as in Figs. 2 and 3, to a position in which the switch is closedso that the motor will run. An adjustable screw 5l5 mounted near the upper end of the upstanding arm 311 of the control bell crank presses against the plunger 51 I when the control bell crank is in normal undisplaced position (Fig. 2) and, overcoming the resistance of the spring 5|3, holds the plunger 5!! leftwardly in switchopening position, so that no current is supplied to the motor;

With this arrangement, a downward movement of the bell crank arm 311 allows the switch plunger to move rightwardly and starts the motor 219 simultaneously with the release of the roller 383 from the notch 31! and from the tail 381 of the pawl. After the downward pressure on the bell crank arm 311 has been removed, the roller 383 riding on the periphery of the disc 363, holds the bell crank lever in a position to allow the switch to remain closed until the notch 31E comes around to the roller 383. whereupon the roller drops into the notch under the ac ion of the spring 381, disconnecting the drive of ti. ceding and severing mechanism by throwing out the pawl 359, and at the same time the screw 555 on the control bell crank presses against the plunger 5 to open the switch to stop the motor 219.

If the motor is disabled, as by failure of the electric current, the worm 285 locks the worm wheel 285 against turning, but the shaft 281 and the other shafts and parts driven thereby are not locked, because of the one-way clutch 299. Consequently, a crank may be applied to the end of the shaft 335 and this sh manually by operation the c. to drive the feeding and severing mechanic in spite of the cli'sablement of the electric motor.

This application is a division of our parent application, Serial No, 276,856, filed April 29, 1939, for Feeding, severing, and controlling mechanism for photographic copying machines (Case '18). Certain subject matter disclosed but not claimed herein is claimed in said parent application or in another division thereof, Serial No. 298,436, filed October '1, 1939, for Feeding and severing mechanism for photographic copying machines (Case 79) While one embodiment of the invention has been disclosed, it is to be understood thatthe inventive idea may be carried out in a number of ways. This application is therefore not to be limited to the precise details described, but is intended to cover all variations and modifications thereof falling within the. spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.

We claim: I

l. A photographic copying machine of the type including a camera having a supply of photographic film, mechanism for feeding and severing exposed portions of said film, said mechanism including a knife blade, and a motor for driving said mechanism through predetermined cycle of operation which includes driving said knife blade in a severing direction by the power of said motor, characterized by the provision of a driving spring operatively interposed between said motor and said knife blade and so arranged that if said knife blade should jam, said motor may complete its full cycle of operation without further operating said knife blade by deforming said spring.

2. A photographic copying machine including a knife element mounted for film-severing movement, a driving element, a rotatable shaft member operatively connected to one of said elements, a sleeve member rotatably mounted on said shaft member and operatively connected to the other of said elements, a coiled spring having one end connected to one of said members and the other end connected to the other of said members to establish a resilient driving connection between said two members and thereby to establish a resilient driving connection between said driving element andsaid knife element, and cooperating abutments on said two members to limit rotation of said sleeve member with respect to said shaft member. 1

3. A photographic copying machine including a knife element mounted for film-severing move- .t may be turned so a ment, a driving element, a rotatable shaft operatively connected to said knife element so that rotation of said shaft in one direction causes film-severing movement of said knife element, a sleeve rotatably mounted on said shaft and operatively connected to said driving element to be driven thereby in said direction causing severing movement, cooperating abutments on said sleeve and shaft limiting rotation of said sleeve relative to said shaft in a direction opposite to said severing direction, and a coiled spring surrounding said shaft and having one end connected to said shaft and one end connected to said sleeve and tending constantly to turn said sleeve relative to said shaft in a direction opposite to said severing a knife mounted for film-severing movement, an

arm mounted for oscillation and operatively connected to said knife to cause film-severing movement thereof when said arm is swung in one direction, a rotary driving member, and roller means mounted on said driving member to contact with said arm and swing said direction.

5., A photographic copying machine including a knife mounted for film-severing movement, an arm mounted for oscillation and operatively connected to said knife to cause film-severing movement thereof when said arm is swung in one direction, a rotary driving member including a disk, a stud projecting laterally from one face of said disk, and a roller rotatably mounted on said stud in position to contact with said arm and swing said arm in said one direction when-said driving member is rotated.

. 6. A photographiccopying machine including a knife mounted for film-severing movement, an arm mounted for oscillation and operatively connected to said knife to cause film-severing movement thereof when said. arm is swung in one diarm in said rection, said arm having two branches at an angle to each other, a rotary driving disk, and two members projecting laterally from one face of said disk, one of said members being in position to contact with one branch of said arm as said disk turns and swingssaid arm to a position bringing the second branch thereof in the path of travel of said second member on said disk so that said second member may contact with said second branch and cause additional swinging movement of said arm.

'7. A constructionias described in claim 6, in which said second member comes into contact with said second branch before said first member passes out of contact with said first branch.

8. A construction as described in claim 6, in which each of said members is in the form of a roller mounted on said disk.

9. A photographic copying machine including a knife mounted for film-severing, movement in one direction and for retracting movement in another direction, an arm mounted for oscillation and operatively connected to said knife so that swinging said arm in onedirection normally causes severing movement of said knife and swinging said arm in the opposite direction causes retracting. movement of said knife, a driving member acting to swing said arm mono direction and then to release said arm, a spring for restoring said arm in the opposite direction when it has been released by said driving member, and a resilient member forming an abutment limiting movement of said arm in a restoring direction.

10. A photographic copying machine including a knife mounted for film-severing movement in one direction and for retracting movement in anotherdirection, an arm mounted for oscillation and operatively connected to said knife so that swinging said arm in one direction normally causes severing .movement of said knife and swinging said arm in the opposite direction causes retracting movementof said knife, a dliV', ing member acting to swing said armin one direction and then to release said arm, resilient means tending to restore said arm in the oppo.

silient abutment limiting movement of said arm in a restoring direction.

PAUL LANDROCK. ARTHUR W. CAPS. 

